Exercise guide · Intermediate · Compound

Crunch (Hands Overhead): How to Do It & Muscles Worked

A crunch variation where the hands are extended overhead, increasing the challenge to the abdominal muscles and requiring greater core engagement.

Primary muscles
Abs
Secondary muscles
Quads
Equipment
Body Weight
Level · type
Intermediate · Compound
Demonstration of the crunch (hands overhead)
Front view: muscles worked by the crunch (hands overhead). Primary: abs. Secondary: quads.
Back view: muscles worked by the crunch (hands overhead). Primary: abs. Secondary: quads.
Primary Secondary

How to do the crunch (hands overhead)

  1. Step 1: Lie flat on your back with your knees bent and feet flat on the ground.
  2. Step 2: Extend your arms straight above your head.
  3. Step 3: Engaging your abs, lift your upper body off the ground, curling forward towards your knees.
  4. Step 4: Pause for a moment at the top, then slowly lower your upper body back down to the starting position.
  5. Step 5: Repeat for the desired number of repetitions.

Sets, reps and programming

Suggested sets, reps and rest for the crunch (hands overhead) by training goal
Goal Sets Reps Rest Effort
Strength 3–5 3–6 3–5 min 1–3 reps in reserve
Muscle growth 3–4 6–12 2–3 min 1–2 reps in reserve
Muscular endurance 2–3 12–20 1–2 min 1–3 reps in reserve

Ranges follow the ACSM position stand on progression in resistance training. Muscle grows across a wide range of loads when sets end close to failure (Schoenfeld et al., 2017), longer rests between heavy sets support strength and size (Schoenfeld et al., 2016), and stopping a rep or two short of failure works about as well as training to failure (Grgic et al., 2022). Estimate your working weights with the strength calculators.

Crunch (Hands Overhead) alternatives

More exercises that train the abs as their main target:

More abs exercises

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Sources

  1. American College of Sports Medicine. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(3):687-708.
  2. Schoenfeld BJ, Grgic J, Ogborn D, Krieger JW. Strength and hypertrophy adaptations between low- vs. high-load resistance training. J Strength Cond Res. 2017;31(12):3508-3523.
  3. Schoenfeld BJ, Pope ZK, Benik FM, et al. Longer interset rest periods enhance muscle strength and hypertrophy in resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res. 2016;30(7):1805-1812.
  4. Grgic J, Schoenfeld BJ, Orazem J, Sabol F. Effects of resistance training performed to repetition failure or non-failure on muscular strength and hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sport Health Sci. 2022;11(2):202-211.

Step-by-step instructions and demonstration media are from the ExerciseDB exercise dataset.

This guide is general fitness information, not medical advice. Stop if an exercise causes pain and speak to a doctor or physiotherapist about injuries or health conditions before starting a new programme.